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Key Words - History of Globalization

Vocabulary
Meaning
Example

colonialism
(noun)

the policy or practice of acquiring political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
Colonialism was a feature of European politics in the 19th century.

cradle
(noun)

a place, process, or event in which something originates or flourishes
Ancient Greece is often thought of as the cradle of Western Civilization.

empire
(noun)

a group of states or countries under a single supreme authority (the Emperor)
The Roman Empire is still studied in European schools today.

expanse
(noun)

an area of something, typically land or sea, presenting a wide continuous surface
The first settlers found huge expanses of empty land.

infrastructure
(noun)

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
Much of Britain's infrastructure was built by the Victorians, over 150 years ago.

pioneer
(verb)

develop or be the first to use a new method, area of knowledge, or activity
Henry Ford pioneered new production methods which became the assembly line system.

sack
(verb)

 plunder and destroy a captured town, city, building, or other place (mostly used in historical contexts)
The city of Rome was sacked several times in its long history.

specialize
(verb)

concentrate on and become expert in a particular subject or skill / confine oneself to providing a particular product or service
Intel specialize in producing computer processors.

surplus
(noun)

an amount of something left over when requirements have been met / an excess of production or supply over demand
China has a very large trade surplus, which means it exports its goods all around the world.

territory
(noun)

an area of land under the control of a ruler or state
The Vikings were always looking to expand their territory through war.

toil
(verb)

work extremely hard
The farmers toiled on their land but the rains didn't come.
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